When do the Rules require both vessels to change course?

• A. When two sailing vessels are approaching head-on
• B. When two power-driven vessels are crossing
• C. When one vessel is overtaking
• D. When two power-driven vessels are meeting head-on

Answer: (D)

In a head-on situation between vessels, the risk of collision is highest if both keep steering on their original courses. The rule requires both power-driven vessels to alter course to starboard so they pass on each other’s port side. Turning to the right provides a clear, predictable maneuver for both ships, reducing confusion and the chance of a collision.

This is the scenario where both vessels are obligated to act; in crossing situations, one vessel is typically the stand-on and the other the give-way, so only one changes course. In overtaking, the overtaking vessel must keep clear of the vessel ahead, and the vessel being overtaken isn’t required to change course solely because it’s being overtaken.